tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89539983885623222302024-02-19T22:42:26.828-08:00~Sains Pemikiran & Etika~see munhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08592320733576365239noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8953998388562322230.post-65179001518308453592012-03-31T10:17:00.002-07:002012-03-31T10:17:45.444-07:00~detail~sains pemikiran & etika (group F)<br />
tan see mun<br />
197505see munhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08592320733576365239noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8953998388562322230.post-72303461259597000362012-03-30T09:19:00.000-07:002012-03-30T09:19:51.775-07:00BAB 9 KAEDAH PENYELESAIAN MASALAH<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Dalam kehidupan, manusia sebagai hamba Allah menghadapi masalah dalam berbagai bentuk dan rupa yang memerlukan penyelesaian. Masalah pula ada berbagai-bagai kategori seperti misteri, puzzle, dilema dan peluang. Masalah dan isu perlu diberi perhatian oleh pengurus-pengurus dan jalan penyelesaian hendaklah dicari secepat mungkin.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Sifat Penyelesaian Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Empat ciri penting di dalam individu yang menjadikannya seorang penyelesaian masalah yang berkesan (Francis,1990):<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Motivasi yang kuat<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Trait yang positif<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Jati diri<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Membina kemahiran<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kategori Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Terdapat 6 jenis masalah:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Misteri<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Tugasan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kesukaran<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Keempat peluang<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Tidak pasti /“puzzles”<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vi)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Dilema<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Model Penyelesaian Masalah Secara Saintifik Dan Logik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Berikut ialah satu model penyelesaian masalah secara logik dan saintifik yang menggunakan lapan langakh:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Mendefinisikan masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Mengkelaskan masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Tentukan objektif<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Tentukan ukuran kejayaan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kutipan data<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vi)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Membuat keputusan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Melaksanakan keputusan yang diambil<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">viii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Penilaian<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Penyelesaian Secara Saintifik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Menyelesaikan masalah secara saintifik melibatkan proses empirikal induktif seperti berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Mengadakan hipotesis<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Mengumpul maklumat<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Membuat kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Penyelesaian Secara Kreatif/Lateral<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Faktor yang menyebabkan kita tidak dapat mencari penyelesaian kreatif pada masalah yang kita hadapi:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kita terlalu mempermudahkan masalah itu<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kita tidak mahu melihat lebih jauh disebalik apa yang ada di depan mata kita.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kita tidak menyoal semula andaian yang kita gunakan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Menyelesaikan masalah secara kreatif atau lateral mempunyai ciri-ciri seperti berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Ia tidak bersifat kritikal<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Ia tidak bersifat analitikal<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Ia tidak bersifat vertical<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Enam Topi Berfikir:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Topi hijau<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Topi kuning<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Topi putih<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Topi hitam<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Topi merah<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vi)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Topi biru<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Enam kasut bertindak<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kasut formal biru laut<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kasut kelabu<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kasut perang<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Boot oren<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Selipar merah jambu<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vi)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kasut tunggangan ungu<o:p></o:p></span></div><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Penyelesaian Melalui Perasaan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tab-stops: 276.75pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kecerdasan emosi mengandungi lima domain utama:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 276.75pt; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kebolehan mengetahui emosi sendiri<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 276.75pt; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kebolehan dalam pengurusan emosi<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 276.75pt; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kebolehan meningkatkan motivasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 276.75pt; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kebolehan mengenal emosi orang lain<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 276.75pt; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Kebolehan menjalin persaudaraan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tab-stops: 276.75pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Penyelesaian Secara Islam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tab-stops: 276.75pt;"><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;">Pada hakikatnya penyelesaian masalah secara Islam mempunyai dua corak yang popular, iaitu pendekatan hokum dan pendekatan sufi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>see munhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08592320733576365239noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8953998388562322230.post-80175775425552456002012-03-30T03:17:00.000-07:002012-03-30T03:17:27.405-07:00BAB 10 ETIKA DAN NILAI-NILAI MURNI DI MALAYSIA <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika yang menjadi norma kepada masyarakat Malaysia yang dinamakan etika nilai-nilai murni Malaysia. Malaysia sebagai negara yang mempunyai penduduk berbilang kaum, memiliki ciri-ciri sosialnya tersendiri. Ini dapat dilihat pada bahasa, agama, kepercayaan dan cara hidup iaitu warisan setiap kaum tersebut. Nilai-nilai murni merujuk kepada ciri-ciri yang baik pada diri seseorang seperti sifat kasih-sayang, baik hati, kejujuran, kesopanan dan kesederhanaan. Orang yang menghayati nilai-nilai ini dikatakan beretika, bersusila, berakhlak, bermoral atau berperibadi mulia. Enam belas nilai yang diterap melalui pendidikan moral yang diperkenalkan kepada semua pelajar di sekolah-sekolah merangkumi unsur-unsur kerohanian, kemanusiaan dan kewarganegaraan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Enam belas nilai murni itu ialah: <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i) baik hati, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ii) berdikari, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iii) hemah tinggi, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iv) hormat-menghormati, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">v) kasih sayang, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">vi) keadilan, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">vii) kebebasan, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">viii) keberanian, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ix) kebersihan fizikal dan mental, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">x) kejujuran, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">xi) kerajinan, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">xii) kerjasama, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">xiii) kesederhanaan, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">xiv) kesyukuran, <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">xv) rasional <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">xvi) semangat masyarakat. <o:p></o:p></span></div><span lang="MS" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS;"><o:p> </o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masyarakat Malaysia merupakan masyarakat yang unik disebabkan perbezaan etnik dan kaum yang amat jelas dalam segala aspek kehidupan. Faktor-faktor etnik, keturunan, budaya dan agama begitu kuat mempengaruhi pcrkembangan nilai yang mencorakkan keadaan, hubungan, pencapaian, integrasi, polarisasi dan sensitiviti masyarakat tersebut. Nilai-nilai murni yang diutamakan sebagai asas membina masyarakat Malaysia ialah kerjasama, toleransi, perpaduan, hormat-menghormati, keadilan sosial, kesaksamaan dan kesetiaan kepada negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nilai-Nilai Cemerlang Dalam Program Pembudayaan Kakitangan Awam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Usaha-usaha pembaharuan struktur Pentadbiran Awan melalui dasar-dasar yang diperkenalkan tidak mendatangkan hasil sekiranya kakitangan awam tidak bersedia melasksanakan awam dengan nilai- nilai cemerlang dilaksanakan. Bagi memupuk nilai-nilai cemerlang, beberapa dasar dan garis panduan telah diperkenalkan iaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Etika Perkhidmatan Awam<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ii)Dasar Bersih, Cekap, dan Amanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iii) Dasar Pandang Ke Timur<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iv) Kempen Kepimpinan Melalui Teladan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">v) Dasar Penerapan Nilai-nilai Islam.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">vi) Budaya Kerja Cemerlang<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kerja Perkhidmatan Awam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EPA adalah garis panduan etika kakitangan awam yang dimuatkan di dalam buku Panduan Perkhidmatan Cemerlang yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1979. Ia menggariskan etika perkhidmatan awam yang berteraskan tujuh teras perkhidmatan,iaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 59.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berazam meninggikan mutu perkhidmatan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 59.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bekerja dengan penuh tanggyngjawab<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 59.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berusaha mengikis sikap mementingkan diri<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 59.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berkhidmat dengan penuh muhibah dan kemesraan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 59.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bekerja ke arah memajukan pemikiran rakyat dan pembangunan negara<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 59.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vi)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bekerjasama dan membanteras kelemahan dan musuh-musuh negara<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 59.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berpegang teguh kepada ajaran agama<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tonggak Dua Belas</span></b><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tonggak Dua Belas adalah penjelasan mengenai konsep nilai, norma dan etika dalam kehidupan manusia. Ia didasarkan kepada kepercayaan bahawa nilai-nilai yang penting akan membentuk peribadi tertentu. Peribadi ini seterusnya akan mempengaruhi pembentukan sesebuah organisasi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Senarai Nilai Tonggak Dua Belas ialah:-<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i) Menghargai Masa<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ii) Ketekunan Membawa Kejayaan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iii) Keseronokan Bekerja<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iv) Kemuliaan Kesederhanaan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">v) Ketinggian Peribadi<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">vi) Kekuatan Sifat Baik Hati<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">vii) Pengaruh Teladan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">viii) Kewajipan Menjalankan Tugas<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ix) Kebijaksanaan Berhemat<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">x) Keutamaan Kesabaran<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">xi) Peningkatan Bakat<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">xii) Nikmat Mencipta<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br />
</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Amalan Etika Pengurusan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemahiran pengurusan yang baik memainkan peranan yang penting dalam sesebuah organisasi. Pengurus-pengurus yang tidak mempraktikkan nilai-nilai kerja yang cemerlang, walaupun mereka mahir dalam proses pengurusan, boleh memberikan kesan yang merugikan kepada organisasi masing-masing. Justeru itu, setiap pengurus perlu membimbing para pekerjanya untuk mencapai perkhidmatan cemerlang dengan berazam untuk meningkatkan mutu kerja mereka secara bekerja dengan penuh tanggungjawab, berusaha mengikis sikap mementingkan diri, berkhidmat dengan penuh kemesraan, bekerjasama untuk membanteras kelemahan dan berpegang teguh kepada ajaran agama.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses pengurusan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses pengurusan dapatlah dirumuskan bahawa terdapat empat fungsi penting bagi pengurusan, iaitu 4P seperti berikut: perancangan, penyusunan, pimpinan dan pengawalan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengurusan Yang Berjaya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seseorang pengurus yang berkesan memainkan beberapa peranan, iaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bertanggungjawab memberi motivasi dan memberi latihan kepada kakitangan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menjalin hubungan yang baik dengan orang yang penting<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menganalisis dan seterusnya menyebarkan maklumat-maklumat penting berkaitan dengan organisasinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menggerakkan serta mewujudkan pelbagai perubahan dan inovasi dan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bertanggungjawab sebagai jurucakap dan jururunding bagi pihak organisasinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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</div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prinsip etika pengurusan seperti yang dipraktikkan oleh Matsushita ialah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perkhidmatan untuk negara melalui industri<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keadilan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Harmoni dan kerjasama<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berusaha untuk kebajikan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berbudi bahasa dan merendah diri<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vi)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyesuaian dan penyerapan <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bersyukur<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penerapan Nilai Budaya Kerja Cemerlang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri- ciri nilai dan etika pengurusan yang baik adalah antara lainnya seperti disenaraikan di bawah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span>I.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Amanah<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span>II.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bersih<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>III.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Berdedikasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>IV.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Berdisiplin<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span>V.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bertanggungjawab<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>VI.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bersopan-santun<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VII.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pemesyuaratan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VIII.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Adil<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>IX.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Berintegrasi<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span>X.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Berilmu<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>XI.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Akauntabiliti<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">XII.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Produktiviti<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika Negatif Dalam Pengurusan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenayah Kolar Putih<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenayah ini merupakan perbuatan yang melanggar etika pengurusan. Golongan yang melakukan jenayah ini tidak mengendalikan tugas secara jujur dan tidak mematuhi undang-undang. Jenayah ini melibatkan golongan berjawatan tinggi dalam sesebuah organisasi, ahli-ahli profesional dan berpendidikan tinggi. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasuah<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasuah melibatkan dua pihak iaitu pihak memberi dan pihak menerima suapan sebagai dorongan atau galakan supaya melakukan atau tidak melakukan sesuatu tindakan. Wang yang dikenali sebagai kickbacks merupakan alat penting dalam amalan rasuah. Ada juga rasuah dalam bentuk hadiah berharga, keraian, hamper, lawatan dan sebagainya. Masyarakat perlu memberikan kerjasama kepada Badan Pencegah Rasuah (BPR) untuk menangani gejala tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tindakan Mengawal Kebajikan Pekerja<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tindakan yang dapat diambil oleh pekerja bagi meningkatkan suasana kerja adalah melalui penubuhan Kesatuan Sekerja dan tindakan “tiupan wisel”.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oraganisasi Dan Pekerja<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gabungan yang mantap dan sempurna di antara pengurusan dan pekerja merupakan faktor yang penting ke arah kesejahteraan organisasi. Bagi memastikan matlamat itu tercapai, peranan dan tanggungjawab kedua-dua pihak itu perlu dikenal pasti dengan jelas agar tidak timbul sebarang perselisihan. Etika yang perlu dititikberatkan oleh pengurusan terhadap para pekerjanya dapat di lihat dari aspek-aspek berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menilai dan memperbaiki perkhidmatan pekerja<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menghindarkan pengamalan pilih kasih<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memberikan perhatian kepada keperluan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memastikan perdapatan yang berpatutan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengagihkan tugas berdasarkan kepakaran dan kemampuan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">vi)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mementingkan perhubungan dan komunikasi dua hala<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika Organisasi Terhadap Perkerja<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kita perlu sedar bahawa adalah menjadi tanggungjawab pihak pengurusan untuk menjamin kebajikan dan keselamatan para pekerjanya. Ini adalah kerana sebarang perasaan terancam, tertekan, tergugat dan segala macam penindasan akan merendahkan moral para pekerja dan semestinya membawa kesan negatif kepada produktiviti.Untuk kepentingan kedua-dua pihak sesebuah organisasi perlu mengambil berat tentang kebajikan dan keselamatan para pekerjanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika Pekerja Terhadap Organisasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Para pekerja mempunyai etika dan tanggungjawab terhadap organisasi. Aspek ini penting untuk memastikan organisasi berjaya mencapai matlamat yang telah ditetapkan. Peranan dan sumbangan yang boleh dimainkan oleh para pekerja adalah seperti berikut: <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memberikan komitmen yang jitu <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempunyai keyakinan terhadap kemampuan organisasi <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bertimbang rasa dan tidak terlalu mengharapkan ganjaran <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Amalan Etika Perniagaan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika Perniagaan perlu ditegaskan bagi membasmi dan memelihara pengurusan perniagaan daripada berlakunya kecurangan dan pelanggaran hak masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, etika perniagaan sangat diperiukan untuk menjamin semua unsur ini berada dalam keadaan harmoni yang akhimya boleh memberi keuntungan kepada semua pihak. Secara umunnya, tujuan etika perniagaan ialah ialah:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Memelihara hubungan<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ii) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mengawal tingkahlaku<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekonomi Islam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aktviti ekonomi islam merangkumi aspek kenegaraan,perdagangan dan kemasyarakatan. Terdapat 6 prinsip dalam ekonomi islam iaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i) Allah s.w.t pemilik sebenar. Semua makhluk adalah ciptaan Allah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ii) Allah s.w.t memberi hak kepada manusia untuk memiliki kekayaan tetapi kebebasan manusia menggunakan dari milik-Nya adalah terbatas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iii) Kekayaan alam hendaklah dinikmati bersama.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">iv) Penghapusan riba adalah satu prinsip penting dalam system kewangan islam<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">v) Nilai akhlak utama islam ialah akhlak islamiah<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">vi) Sumber-sumber kekayaan adalah atas kehendak Allah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika Perniagaan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika Perniagaan ialah melaksanakan urus niaga kita dengan mengelakkan atau menghalang daripada melakukan amalan yang salah dan kegiatan yang tidak beretika. Etika ialah syarat utama untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Perniagaan adalah nadi pergerakan ekonomi dalam sesebuah Negara, perniagaan mempunyai kedudukan dan fungsi yang tersendiri. Oleh sebab itu, etika perniagaan sangat diperiukan untuk menjamin semua unsur ini berada dalam keadaan harmoni yang akhimya boleh memberi keuntungan kepada semua pihak. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika Perniagaan Islam<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Masalah etika telah melanda masyarakat hampir di sepanjang zaman dalam hampir setiap aspek hidup, termasuklah urusan perniagaan. Apa yang sering berlaku di kalangan peniaga ialah sungutan bahawa mereka terpaksa memberi sogokan kepada orang-orang tertentu jika mereka hendak mendapatkan sesuatu projek. Sungutan atau memberi rasuah juga sering didengar oleh kita bahawa sesuatu projek yang dilaksanakan itu tidak siap mengikut jangka masa yang ditetapkan, tidak memenuhi spesifikasi-spesifikasi yang dikehendaki dan lain-lain lagi. Di samping itu, para pelanggan juga sering kena tipu apabila membeli sesuatu barangan, seperti buah durian, cempedak, tembikai, dan lain-lain. Kerapkali kita dapati barang itu tidak sebaik yang kita inginkan, walaupun semasa kita membeli, kita diberi berbagai jaminan yang sangat meyakinkan. Perkara-perkara seperti ini berlaku dengan berleluasa, ia dilakukan dengan cara yang teliti dan berperancangan sehingga sukar dikesan atau dibawa ke mahkamah. Justeru itu, walaupun hukuman berat boleh dijatuhkan, tetapi penjenayah kolar putih masih berlaku dengan berleluasa. Dalam keadaan seperti ini, Islam menentukan supaya setiap orang yang hendak melakukan sesuatu perbuatan haruslah mengetahui apa yang boleh dan apa yang tidak boleh dilakukan, sebelum mereka menceburkan diri dalam hal itu.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Amalan Etika Alam Sekitar<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika alam sekitar ditakrifkan sebagai suatu disiplin pengajian yang membahaskan tentang sistem nilai yang perlu wujud bagi menjustifikasikan tindakan manusia ke atas alam sekitar. Dengan berdasarkan ini, sesuatu tindakan manusia ke atas alam sekitar boleh dikategorikan sebagai tindakan yang baik atau buruk. Sesuatu sistem nilai tentang alam sekitar yang diterima oleh sesebuah masyarakat boleh diaplikasikan sebagai kod etika atau garis panduan moral kepada setiap anggota masyarakat, malah dapat berkembang menjadi perundangan dan polisi yang berkaitan dengan alam sekitar dan ekologi.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alam sekitar merupakan salah satu unsur alam tabii ciptaan Allah S.W.T. Sistem alam sekitar mempunyai ciri-ciri seperti imbangan, keseimbangan, segar, indah dan kudus. Alam sekitar juga merupakan buku ilmu pengetahuan yang sangat berguna dan bermanfaat kepada manusia. Menerusi alam sekitar, manusia mengetahui dan mempergunakan disiplin-disiplin zoologi, botani, mikrobiologi, fizik, kimia, geologi, hidraulik dan sebagainya. Setelah mengetahui manfaat alam sekitar kepada manusia, kewujudan dan konsep manusia untuk memahami konsep Islam terhadap terhadap alam sekitar.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manakala Ekologi adalah ilmu yang menerangkan hubungan antara organisma (haiwan dan tumbuhan) dengan alam sekitar tempat organisma tersebut hidup. Istilah ekologi ini buat kali pertamanya telah digunakan oleh seorang ahli biologi Jerman, iaitu Ernest Haekal, dalam tahun 1869. Perkataan ekologi berasal daripada bahasa greek, ‘oikos’ yang bererti rumah dan logos yang bererti ilmu. Ekologi adalah bidang ilmu yang mengkaji tentang makhluk hidup di tempat hidupnya. Ekologi juga dapat diertikan sebagai sebagai suatu ilmu yang mengkaji struktur dan fungsi alam dan manusia sebahagian daripada alam. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengurusan Alam Sekitar Ke Arah Abad Ke-21<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendekatan pengurusan pencemaran<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengawalan pencemaran ozon<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iii)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengurusan pengawalan Flora dan Fauna<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.5in;"><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">iv)<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="MS" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: MS; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kitaran semula<o:p></o:p></span></div>see munhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08592320733576365239noreply@blogger.com0